Koine Drill

Twenty-two paradigms and 403 words from Biblingo chapters 1–16. Produce the answer before you see it; missed cards come back today, known cards space out over days.

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Greek type — font guide

Gentium Book Plus (default) ἄνθρωπος: Warm, humanist serif built by SIL specifically for multilingual biblical and scholarly text. The most reliable choice for reading long stretches of running Greek comfortably.
Cardo ἄνθρωπος: Scholarly serif modeled on Bembo-era types, a common choice for critical editions. A touch more classical and upright than Gentium.
GFS Didot ἄνθρωπος: Elegant, high-contrast Greek revival face from the Greek Font Society. Striking for headings and large display text; the fine strokes get harder to read at small drill sizes.
GFS Neohellenic ἄνθρωπος: Clean, modern humanist face from the Greek Font Society. Very legible at small sizes — a solid everyday alternative to Gentium.
Noto Sans ἄνθρωπος: Google's universal sans-serif, built to guarantee full accent and breathing-mark coverage. Plain and neutral if you'd rather drill in a sans-serif face.
EB Garamond ἄνθρωπος: Hand-cut-inspired classical serif, alongside Cardo and Gentium one of the most common choices for printed biblical Greek. Slightly warmer and more calligraphic than either.
Noto Serif ἄνθρωπος: Serif sibling of Noto Sans, with the same guaranteed-complete Unicode coverage. The safest fallback if a specialty face ever mis-renders a glyph.
Old Standard TT ἄνθρωπος: Modeled on the Teubner-style types scholars use for printed critical editions of Greek texts. A distinct, old-scholarly look.
Alegreya Sans ἄνθρωπος: Modern, calligraphic-leaning sans-serif designed for comfortable extended reading — softer than Noto Sans or Arimo.
Arimo ἄνθρωπος: Plain Arial-workalike sans-serif. Utilitarian, with no stylistic flourish — maximizes legibility for pure drilling.

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Charts & Vocabulary

What the terms mean

Case: The ending on a noun that says what job it does in the sentence — subject, direct object, and so on. Greek marks with endings what English marks with word order.
Gender: A fixed property of each noun: masculine, feminine or neuter. It is mostly arbitrary — ἄρτος ‘loaf’ is masculine for no particular reason — so you learn it with the word.
Number: Singular or plural.
Declension: Which family of endings a noun belongs to. 1st declension nouns are usually feminine and end in η or α, 2nd are usually masculine or neuter, 3rd is the varied one. ἡ ὁδός is 2nd declension despite being feminine — the article tells you the gender, the endings tell you the declension.
Person: Who the subject is: the speaker (1st), the one spoken to (2nd), or someone else (3rd).
Tense: Roughly, when: present, future, or past.
Aspect: How the event is viewed, which matters more in Greek than tense does. Perfective sees the whole event with its endpoint — ‘she read the book.’ Imperfective sees it underway or repeated — ‘she was reading’, ‘she used to read.’
Voice: Active: the subject does it. Medio-passive: the subject is affected by it, or undergoes it. Some verbs, like ἔρχομαι, only ever appear medio-passive.
Mood: Indicative states something as real — everything in this drill. The infinitive (‘to eat’) does not.
Augment: The ε- stuck on the front of a past-tense verb: λαμβάνω → ἔλαβον.
Thematic / athematic: Whether a linking vowel sits between stem and ending. κράζ-ο-μεν has one; δίδο-μεν does not, which is why μι verbs look different.
Stem: What is left of a word once you take the ending off. The aorist often uses a different stem from the present, and that is the part you simply memorise.
Luo, Elusa, Efagon, Eluon…: Biblingo's own names for the verb forms, based on shape rather than meaning (from lesson 15.1 on). Traditional labels mislead — “imperfect” implies a contrast with “perfect,” when its real counterpart is the aorist — so each form is instead named after λύω, the verb every Greek grammar uses for paradigms, spelled in English letters to keep it distinct from actual Greek: Luo = present, Luso = future, Elusa = 1st/sigmatic aorist, Efagon = 2nd/thematic aorist (named for ἔφαγον “ate” — kept separate from Elusa since the two aorists share a meaning but not a shape), Eluon = imperfect. “Aorist” still covers Elusa and Efagon together, since it has no competing meaning in English.
Enclitic: A small word with no accent of its own that leans back on the word before it: με, μου, μοι, σε, σου, σοι.
Proclitic: The same idea leaning forward, onto the word after it: ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ.
Movable nu: An optional ν on the end of certain forms, written here in brackets: κράζουσι(ν), ἐστί(ν), τίσι(ν).